How to manage the business group is effective

Career group:
, that is, industrial cluster. Industrial cluster is a global economic phenomenon and an important feature of the development of modern industries. Michael Potter, Harvard University, believes that industrial clusters refer to the phenomenon of enterprises with close industries and related supporting agencies in a specific field (usually a leading industry as the core). Essence Since the mid -1990s, local governments in many countries have shifted public policies to promote the cultivation, development and upgrading of local industrial clusters on the basis of summing up international experience. Combining resources. The strategy and policies of the industrial cluster have been promoted and promoted by international organizations such as the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Economic Cooperation and Development Organization. Since the reform and opening up, my country's industrial cluster has developed rapidly and concentrated in economic developed areas such as Guangdong and Zhejiang, and has become one of the most important factor in these regions with strong competitiveness.
The industrial cluster, as a form of space gathering in economic activities, realizes the collection of special regions, interbank exchanges, industry culture, industrial technology chain, industrial value chain, and related industrial resources. The soul of the industrial cluster lies in the network formed by a group of closely connected companies.这些具有竞争与合作关系的关联性企业群体（最终企业群、中间企业群、相关制造业群）、各种中介服务组织（专业化供应商、各种服务商等）和相关公共部门（大学、 Research institutions, standardized institutions, various centers, government agencies, etc.), which constitute a cluster economic organization system, there are self -organization mechanisms such as related industries and professionalization systems and associations in the network. The core of the cluster existence and formation is an industry with local characteristics and advantages. The key to cultivating and developing is the understanding of the importance of small and medium -sized enterprises, the improvement of the endogenous growth mechanism (collective learning ability and innovation ability), and the cluster. Develop the social environment. Silicon Valley in the United States, German medical devices and CNC machine tools, and computer software in Bandar, India, etc., largely reflect the success of industrial cluster development to a large extent.
Basic characteristics of industrial cluster:
(1) spontaneous. This is the driving force generated by the cluster, and it is also the most fundamental feature. Industrial cluster is the product of market competition and interest game. It is a spontaneous expansion of order. The key is the driver of real interests.
(2) Trust. This is the foundation of the cluster. Cluster companies approach each other, so the industry and life together constitute a regional society, and gradually establish a social institutional arrangement of trust relationships and ensure such trust relationships in long -term close exchanges, thereby reducing transaction costs.
(3) Spy. This is the result and vitality of cluster development. When the scale of industrial aggregation reaches a certain degree, the gathering area will form a "industrial ecological chain" and "economic ecological circle" with a virtuous cycle. It has the spillover effect of vertical and horizontal, physical and intelligence, so that related enterprises and departments can be able Benefit and get external economy.
The competitive advantage of industrial clusters:
(1) Coordinated effect. The cluster is not a total of the number of enterprises, but has some characteristics of the self -organized system. It can respond flexibly to the external changes, corresponding to the economic effects of the enterprise, and interact with each other. In the structure of the cluster, the resource endowment has formed a resource integration capability, which constitutes the long -term competitive advantage of the cluster, and is unable to own the non -non -cluster and out -of -clusters.
(2) External effects. Large, medium and medium -sized enterprises in the cluster gathered with various service agencies and government agencies to form a flexible and professional, innovative environment, information exchange, knowledge sharing, cultural common to cultural, cooperative competition and path dependence, and it is easier to achieve technological breakthrough innovation. Get the competitive advantage of technical monopoly. External economy is the most important source of creating and maintaining the advantages of cluster competition. Due to the different types and characteristics of various industrial clusters, the source of its advantages is also different. The competitive advantage lies in the social network formed by its flexibility and professionalism.
(3) Regional effect (structural competitiveness). After the formation of clusters, it can be reducing costs, stimulating innovation, improving efficiency, and exacerbating competition to improve the competitiveness of the entire region. This kind of cluster competitiveness formed by a specific structure established by the "network" relationship not only enables enterprises to indirectly use more non -ownership, but also form a more vivid and direct regional brand effect. Create market advantages.